Syma Airplane
Syma Airplane
Syma S107-G indoor RC heli flight (unedited)
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Li-Ion 18650 7.4V Tenergy 2200mAh Rechargeable Battery module with PCB $17.49 Features and Benefits * High quality 7.4 V Li-Ion rechargeable battery pack |
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Tie Dye Military Rubber Bands Bracelets Gifts Pack Jet Fighter, Helicopter & Tank – Magic Bandz $4.75 They are awesome! They come in a variety of colors and styles and kids of all ages, 3 to 103, absolutely love them. Each pack include 12 pieces – 2 each of each shape showing on the picture! They are die-molded with non-toxic silicone and you will absolutely love how these bands return to their original shape after being worn as a bracelet, necklace or maybe even a pony-tail holder. That’s right t… |
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Li-Ion 18650 3.7V 4400 mAh Rechargeable Battery module with PCB $17.99 Features and Benefits * High quality 3.7 V Li-Ion rechargeable battery pack |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Yellow $19.99 The brand new GYRO S107 3.5CH Mini RTF RC Helicopter comes with the greatest advancement in Helicopter Technology, a Gyro. No more crashing, no more replacing parts, the GYRO has changed the Helicopter industry completely, making this RC Helicopter super easy to fly and maneuver. Great for people of all skill levels, this bad boy features a coaxial rotor a single rear rotor for precise movement an… |
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Syma S109G Apache AH-64 3.5-Channels Mini Indoor Helicopter $21.99 The Syma S109G is a palm size 3-Channels Helicopter, it has a youngest brother in the Syma Apache line. The S109G has a Co-Axial structure which is specially made for first time flyers. The S109G is built with thick plastic body which always survives in crashes. The Syma S109G is equipped with a 4-in-1 receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver), allows the helicopter to move in all directions. This hob… |
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Syma 16.5CM S026G 3.5Ch 3 Channel Mini Chinook RC Helicopter Gyro Small Toy Gift Army-green $22.95 Specification: * Body Length: 165mm (6.5″) * Width: 140mm (5.5″) with Main Rotors * Height: 112mm (4.4″) from Bottom to Balance Bar * Main Rotors Diameter: 140mm (5.5″) * Lightweight Integral 3.7V 150mAh Lithium Polymer Battery * A charge of 20 minutes is equal to a 6-7 minute flight. * Battery for the helicopter: 3.7V-150MAH LI-POLY (included ) … |
Syma 107
Syma 107
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Glitter Sparkle 26 English Alphabet Letters Rubber Bands Bracelets Gifts Packs – Magic Bandz $4.00 They are awesome! They come in a variety of colors and styles and kids of all ages, 3 to 103, absolutely love them. Each pack include 12 pieces – 2 each of each shape showing on the picture! They are die-molded with non-toxic silicone and you will absolutely love how these bands return to their original shape after being worn as a bracelet, necklace or maybe even a pony-tail holder. That’s r… |
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Glitter Sparkle Jesus Religious Rubber Bands Bracelets Gifts 12 Pack – Magic Bandz $5.95 They are awesome! They come in a variety of colors and styles and kids of all ages, 3 to 103, absolutely love them. Each pack include 12 pieces – 2 each of each shape showing on the picture! They are die-molded with non-toxic silicone and you will absolutely love how these bands return to their original shape after being worn as a bracelet, necklace or maybe even a pony-tail holder. That’s r… |
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Tie Dye Fairy Fantasy Rubber Bands Bracelets Gifts 12 Pack – Magic Bandz $4.00 They are awesome! They come in a variety of colors and styles and kids of all ages, 3 to 103, absolutely love them. Each pack include 12 pieces – 2 each of each shape showing on the picture! They are die-molded with non-toxic silicone and you will absolutely love how these bands return to their original shape after being worn as a bracelet, necklace or maybe even a pony-tail holder. That’s r… |
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Jpc Syma Balance Bar S105-05/S107-05/S108g-11 Superior Quality Standard Size Easy Operation New $4.99 … |
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The Gyro Star S107 3 Channel Mini Indoor Co-Axial Metal RC Helicopter w/ Built in Gyroscope (Blue) The Gyro Star S107 is a high quality 3 channel mini indoor co-axial helicopter w/ built-in gyro and a metal frame. This model is miniature in size and its light weight makes it incredibly portable so you can take it anywhere you go. It also offers a wide infrared control and a design that is customized for indoor flying. For being only 19cm in length and weighing in at only 34grams, this mini heli… |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Blue $16.95 … |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Yellow $44.95 … |
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S107G 3 Channel Mini Indoor Co-Axial Metal RC Helicopter w/ Built in Gyroscope (Red & Yellow) Set of 2 $39.40 Feature: Miniature size & light weight. Super wide infrared control miniature design for indoor flying 19cm long and weighing an incredible 34 grams |
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Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter $45.71 The Swann Micro Lightning helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you away! With it’s lightweight construction, the of the Swann Micro Lightning chopper will withstand impacts and crashes which makes it ideal for indoors. The Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you … |
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The Best Mini 3.5 Channels Gyro Metal RC Helicopter – Free USB & AC Charger – Value of $14 - $24.90 Full Function 3.5 Channels Remote Controlled with Gyro.Intelligent RC System .Up, Down, Left, Right , Forward, Backward, Low Speed & High Speed.Ready-To-Fly straight out of the box. With Flashing lights during flight.360 degree exact directional .Altitude & Rotor Speed Control .Precise controlling and hovering.3.7V Li-Poly 140mAh .Rechargeable Battery. Real Helicopter Performance .Flight Stabilizi… |
Radio Controlled Military Jets
Radio Controlled Military Jets
How many bombs were planted in the World Trade Center on and prior to 9/11?
and how powerful were these bombs? Theres no way just one little plane can bring down that entire building! Something else had to have been involved. It looks like a controlled demolition with the way the building came down..
How do you explain building 7 that fell down when nothing hit it? The jet fuel alone wasnt enough to melt the steel supporting the building. The whole passengers, airlines, Muhammed Atta, Bin Laden thing was all faked!
Those planes that hit it were military radio controlled planes with no windows or passengers inside them as a disguise. The way the media reports it doesnt make sense and are all lies. Bush and the Government must have been up to something.
As soon as those remote controlled planes hit the building, it all exploded as if someone was watching with a button to time it at the right time. They didnt even find the rest of the plane.
A little plane? It was an 80 ton plane with 60,000 ib of kerosene that took it down, moron.
And just were ARE the passengers and crew who were on that plane? Did your alien buddies snatch them?
Radio Controlled Airplanes
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3-Ch AH-64 Apache Indoor RC Helicopter S009 $27.90 110V to 240V Charger Full Function 3 Channels Remote Controlled Intelligent RC System Up, Down, Left, Right , Forward and Backward. Ready-To-Fly straight out of the box. Three Electric Motors Duel Propeller System A twin coaxial rotor for an easy and stable flight Altitude & Rotor Speed Control Stable Hover 3.7V 400mAh Li-polymer Rechargeable Battery Real Helicopter Performanc… |
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Air Hogs Switchblade 27 MH Black/Yellow $54.99 This Air Hogs R/C Switchblade Transforming Stunt Flier rises, transforms and flies! It is sure to provide hours of flying fun! Air Hogs Remote Control Switchblade Flier Transformer stunt flier It rises, transforms and flies! Vertical take-off Transforms in mid air Flies like a jet Yellow and black coloring Durable polyfoam construction Range 300 feet Requires 8 AA batteries Frequency 27.045 … |
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The Ultimate Weapon! 12 CH 2.4GHz BlitzRCWorks Super F-22 3D Vector Thrust Aerobatic Radio Remote Control Electric Ducted Fan RC Fighter Jet (ARF) w/ Super Performance! Super Scale! Thrust Vectoring! Twin 70mm EDF! Quality Electronics! $1,000.00 Feature: 12 Channel Full Function Radio Controlled (Aileron, Elevator, Throttle, Rudder, Retract, Thrust Vectoring, Airbrake Flaps, Cockpit Ejection, Smoke Actuate) Our extensive research and testing insures this F-22 to have exceptional thrust to weight ratio for optimal flight performance! Twin 70mm EDF Top of the line EDF jet in the market Quality electronics and servos Thrust vectoring nozzles… |
Radio Gas Helicopters Rc Boat
Radio Gas Helicopters Rc Boat
Rc Toys – Hobby Grade Systems For Serious Hobbyists
Each and every Radio controlled model can be purchased as a toy grade or a hobby grade model today. They are often airplanes, helicopters, boats, cars and robots.
Planes come in several sizes and shapes ranging from small flyers to gas turbine driven aerobatic versions. The models may be control line, or can be free flying models. They can be electrically propelled, or fuel driven models. The latest rc designs can achieve up to 250mph. Radio controlled airborne products demand a high level of knowledge and control, and will certainly require supervision of grown ups. They aren’t suited to younger kids. They are relatively more expensive than the rest of the RC models. This is one reason, along with the physical threat that younger kids can’t use it safely.
The RC car or truck is the most popular item among rc model enthusiasts. The vehicles are available in different sizes and may also be fuel powered or electrically powered. Just like the vehicles come in numerous shapes and sizes, so do the drivers! Radio controlled vehicles are usually reasonably safe compared to the flying toys, and may be managed even by a kid. They could be “off-road” or “on-road” models, referring to the terrain on which they are able to drive on. RC car races are common for the rc model hobbyists.
Helis: Yet another airborne radio control model.
It is different from the airplane in design and flight, plus some say that it is far more difficult to be able to fly. However, exactly the same things to consider that apply to planes apply right here also.
A radio controlled boat was the very first “toy” to be remote controlled. Tesla exhibited the remote control boat model which he showed to the public as a device that “obeyed people’s commands”, where in actuality it was him manipulating the boat based on the people’s commands.
Robotics: These are most widely used in Japan, nevertheless the acceptance is swiftly catching up in other nations in the western world as well. Robotic hobbyists who design, control and design the robotics for various actions are typical, and there are various contests held regularly for them to produce the very best robot. Robotics nevertheless, are in reality shifting from rc models to the newest synthetic intelligence models and voice controlled models. However, rc models of robots are still extremely popular as toys, as pastimes in addition to a basic safety application for remote dealing with of bombs and such.
About the Author
Learn more about
creative toys
. Stop by Hank Simpson’s site where you can find out all about cool toys and what ithey can do for you.
AquaCraft V24 Gas Vee Boat RTR- Gull Wing Gas radio control Boat
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28 VBlazingly Fastictory EP Racing Remote Controlled Boat $34.95 This R/C Racing Boat is powered by two powerful motor spinning propellers. Power comes from a included standard Sub C NiCad Pack, as used in tamiya cars which will give around 15 minutes of runtime after fully charged. The boat is powered by 380 type racing motor which produces tremendous power. Professionally designed and manufactured PC twin-propeller which not only provides huge thrust to speed… |
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32 RC Storm Engine PX-16 Racing Boat $54.81 Highly detailed features make this boat one of a kind. The Flying Fish racing Boat comes with a high performance 2 x 380 motors for super fast speeds and great maneuvering capabilities. Also, it has a 7.2v battery and charger! Measuring 32 inches long and featuring authentic and stylish detailing, this craft is perfect for pools, small ponds, rivers and lakes. Take this fully functional reproducti… |
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2-Channel RC Super Sonic Radio Control Airplane $23.98 Available in 5 different colors: White, Red, Yellow, Blue, and Green. We reserve the right to select any color randomly when we ship…. |
Syma Xheli
Syma Xheli
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The Gyro Star S107 3 Channel Mini Indoor Co-Axial Metal RC Helicopter w/ Built in Gyroscope (Blue) The Gyro Star S107 is a high quality 3 channel mini indoor co-axial helicopter w/ built-in gyro and a metal frame. This model is miniature in size and its light weight makes it incredibly portable so you can take it anywhere you go. It also offers a wide infrared control and a design that is customized for indoor flying. For being only 19cm in length and weighing in at only 34grams, this mini heli… |
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Mini Micro Palm Sized 3 Channel Ready to Fly Indoor UH-60 Black Hawk $21.95 … |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Yellow $19.99 The brand new GYRO S107 3.5CH Mini RTF RC Helicopter comes with the greatest advancement in Helicopter Technology, a Gyro. No more crashing, no more replacing parts, the GYRO has changed the Helicopter industry completely, making this RC Helicopter super easy to fly and maneuver. Great for people of all skill levels, this bad boy features a coaxial rotor a single rear rotor for precise movement an… |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Blue $21.59 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Red $18.99 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
Radio Controlled Macro Planes
Radio Controlled Macro Planes
INDOOR COVERAGE CHALLENGES IN THE WiMAX TECHNOLOGY
INDOOR COVERAGE CHALLENGES IN THE WiMAX TECHNOLOGY
Dr.Hari Ramakrishna
Professor, Department of CSE,
Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of technology
Gandipet -500 075, Hyderabad,
dr.hariramakrishna@rediffmail.com
K.Ravi
Asst. Professor
Dept. of Informatics
Alluri Institute of Management Sciences
K.Anil Kumar
Assoc. Professor
Dept. of Informatics
Alluri Institute of Management Sciences
ABSTRACT
Now a day’s mobile telephone usage is higher here than anywhere else in the world and the mobile devices are used inside the buildings, and the mobile networks operators are provide indoor coverage with their service. In order to provide the indoor coverage without having too much extra costs like additional cell sites, optimum network planning to be performed to aid the coverage area by using network models.
In this paper we provide the concepts of what is Indoor Coverage, the difficulties in Indoor Coverage. How the WiFi and WiMAX technologies are used for improved capacity to provide Indoor Coverage. This paper also covers the models and architecture to provide better indoor coverage.
Keywords: Indoor Coverage, Indoor Traffic, WiMAX, Wi-Fi, BTS, Antenna, Modem
1. INTRODUCTION
Mobile telephone usage is higher here than anywhere else in the world and the millions of subscribers demand a quality service wherever they go. Unfortunately for the operator, these subscribers generally go to the places hardest to cover with a macro cellular wireless network, due to unique topology, high-rise office buildings, subway stations, dense urban streets, shopping and entertainment areas with irregular busy hours, hundreds of railway lines, and small apartments in large apartment buildings.
Great coverage outside doesn’t always mean perfect coverage inside. Outdoor coverage (the macro network) has improved steadily over time with more cell sites and improved dropped call rates. But in-building coverage – in offices, commercial buildings and residences, can often be impacted by things beyond your carrier’s control. Our cell phone numbers and email addresses have increasingly become a way of staying connected no matter where we are. But building materials like concrete, cinderblock, steel, brick and tinted glass, and building locations in shadowed areas, can limit the penetration of cellular and PCS signals into your location. Even changes in weather and environmental conditions outside, such tree foliage changes, or terrain can affect the signal inside.
Many WiMAX operators are at a crucial stage in planning or deploying WiMAX networks. Their wait to obtain the necessary spectrum licenses, to get the initial delivery of Mobile WiMAX products, or to select a vendor is either over or about to end. Finally they are ready to start rolling out their networks and test them in real-life environments, with paying subscribers, on loaded networks.
As operators have progressed through network planning or deployment, the hottest issues in the Radio Access Network (RAN) have become outdoor reach and indoor coverage. As subscribers start using their network, providing the high capacity density that new devices and applications require will be another key target.
These are recurring issues for all new wireless data technologies, as the underlying physics they need to overcome to get good coverage and capacity are the same. WiMAX is no exception, despite the fact that techniques like Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) and Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) will enhance coverage and capacity.
2. DIFFICULTIES IN INDOOR COVERAGE
The combination of high capacity requirements and extensive network access from indoor locations makes it a challenge to build a mobile broadband network. This is not a challenge unique to WiMAX operators: Long Term Evolution (LTE) or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) operators will have to face a very similar situation in due course. WiMAX indoor coverage adds a significant burden to the existing network resources, as the penetration loss due to the first wall in a building usually ranges between 10 to 20 dB.
To extend the coverage range and improve indoor coverage, WiMAX changes its modulation scheme dynamically as a function of subscriber location. But there is a stiff price to pay: increased range and indoor reach results in lower throughput.
Devices located outdoors close to the Base Transceiver Station (BTS) will use the most efficient modulation scheme, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), which has a higher spectral efficiency. However most of the subscribers are likely to be in indoor locations or towards the cell edge, where Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is used instead and has a lower spectral efficiency. The impact of modulation is substantial. When using QPSK 1/2 the data rate can be as little as 20% of the maximum throughput available with QAM 5/6 as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Impact of modulation on data rate in a WiMAX network
To make things worse, indoor subscribers are more likely to have longer sessions and to use more bandwidth-intensive applications, simply because indoor locations are more hospitable to data users. Over time, the higher number of users and mobile devices, coupled with the more extensive use of high-throughput applications, will further increase the overall need for capacity in the network, as mobile devices use network resources more heavily, because of their smaller antenna and more limited power.
WiMAX networks provide capacity constrained and higher capacity density will be required due to the combination of high levels of indoor usage coupled with the increasing adoption of mobile devices, which typically cannot use the most efficient modulation in indoor locations, and with the increased per-user traffic levels.
A higher density of BTSs will be required to meet the requirements for both indoor coverage and capacity. The new cell sites added need to make efficient use of spectrum and network resources and effectively have to pack more traffic capacity into the same area. To accomplish this, new network architectures are needed and BTSs will have to move closer to the indoor locations where subscribers are.
3. HIERARCHICAL POSITIONING ARCHITECTURE
Assume that the hand-held devices carried by the mobile users are capable of receiving signals transmitted from heterogeneous wireless technologies, such as WLANs and infrared. Figure 2 shows the architecture of the proposed hierarchical indoor positioning service. As an example, the mobile device is equipped with appropriate network interfaces to receive the ID signals transmitted by WLAN access points and infrared signal transmitters. The accurate positions of the WLAN access points and the infrared signal transmitters are given in advance. A program, called the location client, is installed in each mobile host.
Figure 2: Architecture of the proposed hierarchical indoor positioning service
The ID signals are received, the location client of the mobile host delivers the signal strengths and IDs of all detected WLAN access points, or just the ID of the infrared signal transmitter to the location server. The location server will estimate the position of the mobile host, and then deliver the estimated position back to the location client. Then the location-based services corresponding to the estimated position will be retrieved to serve the mobile user. The estimated positions will be stored in the database, so that the location server is able to trace the historical moving path of each mobile user. As a mobile host receives the ID signal of an infrared signal transmitter, the distance error of the estimated position is only several centimeters to several meters from the infrared signal transmitter. However, as the ID signal of a WLAN access point is received, the distance error of the estimated position is about 10 to 100 meters from the WLAN access point.
Figure 3: Functional structure of the location client and the location server
The position information provided by the infrared signal transmitter is more accurate than that provided by WLAN access points, because the transmission distance of the infrared positioning devices is much smaller than the WLAN access points. In general, WLAN access points can be deployed to cover the whole indoor environment easily, but it is difficult for infrared signal transmitters. Therefore, the positions estimated by the location server are almost based on the signal information of WLAN access points. Once the infrared signal is detected, the position of the mobile host will be adjusted immediately to the position of the infrared signal transmitter, because the infrared technology is more accurate.
The proposed hierarchical positioning architecture is based on the client/server model.
The functional structure of the location server and the location client is shown in Figure 3. The location client implemented in the hand-held devices consists of signal collector module, location module, and location-based service module. The signal collector module is responsible for detecting the positioning signals for heterogeneous wireless technologies. The location module is responsible for delivering the collected signal information, such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and Infrared ID (IRID), to the location server, and receiving the estimated position from the location server.
After receiving the estimated position, the location-based service module immediately offers the corresponding services or actions for the mobile user. The location server consists of positioning engine and database. The positioning engine is responsible for estimating the position of the mobile user according to the signal information delivered from the location client. Basically, the position can be estimated according to the measured RSSI values of at least three access points.
Then the positioning engine performs the crosscheck and the adjustment for the estimated position, according to the signal information of other heterogeneous wireless technologies, so as to improve the accuracy. Another mission of the positioning engine is to transmit the estimated position back to the location module of the location client. The database is responsible for recording the estimated positions, so that the moving path of each mobile user can be traced and monitored.
4. WIMAX AND INDOOR COVERAGE
WiMAX in general promises ubiquitous connectivity, access for both fixed and mobile devices and supports bandwidth-hungry applications without sweat. However, similar to other wireless broadband technologies in the market, the underlying issue for WiMAX remains in providing high performance indoor coverage. Here lies the challenge, as most users would connect to WiMAX while indoors. In fact, according to Senza Fili Consulting, 75% of WiMAX Operators estimate that over 80% of their subscribers will connect to the WiMAX network while indoors.
More often than not, indoor users have longer sessions and use more bandwidth intensive applications, resulting in the need for Operators to ensure high capacity in addition to optimized indoor coverage. Therefore, for best-in-class user experience, improving indoor coverage is becoming a very crucial task.
4.1 INDOOR COVERAGE HALLENGE IN WIMAX
Demand for extensive indoor coverage and for high capacity density translates into a need for a high BTS density, with the number of BTSs increasing as more users sign up for services, using multiple devices and additional applications. Deploying additional multi-sector, macro BTSs is often not feasible or cost effective. For operators it becomes progressively more difficult and expensive to accommodate a higher number of macro cells.
The equipment cost, although significant, is often not the major obstacle to denser macro deployments. Site acquisition, site preparation, and installation can have an even larger impact on the overall capex. This may make it impossible for operators that operate in areas with a high density of users to close their business case or it may unnecessarily delay profitability.
As the number of BTSs and traffic increases, operators also have to carefully monitor the growth of backhaul costs. If traffic from each BTS has to be transported by a wire line solution, opex costs may escalate quickly if each BTS has its own link. Depending on the location, the connection to the wire line infrastructure (perhaps DSL or fiber) may be expensive and may not be easily accessible from some locations (e.g. from lampposts).
Conversely, wireless backhaul may cap operating backhaul costs significantly, as it then enables the operator to aggregate traffic efficiently and to skip the recurring backhaul fees associated with each deployed BTS, but may require additional spectrum and additional equipment investment. Furthermore, relay stations with integrated wireless backhaul support eliminate the need for the costly and lengthy process of preparing multiple sites for backhaul.
4.2 BEYOND THE MACRO BTS
In the early stages of most WiMAX deployments, a network architecture centered on multi-sector, macro BTSs prevails, as it effectively achieves good outdoor coverage with a limited number of BTSs. However, a network architecture centered around macro cells often does not scale well when requirements for indoor coverage and high capacity become more pressing. The cost of hardware, site acquisition and preparation, and installation quickly outgrows the revenue opportunity, making it difficult to achieve a positive ROI.
To address the new coverage and capacity requirements, operators need to deploy more compact, smaller BTSs that support cost-effective backhaul solutions. They also come with less onerous site acquisition requirements and costs, as they can be installed in more accessible locations (lampposts, building walls), closer to street level, and they use less power. Because of their reduced size and weight, it is easier for the operators to gain access to cell site locations and to meet existing regulatory requirements.
The upcoming IEEE 802.16j standard will bring further support for integrated WiMAX wireless backhaul. It demonstrates industry commitment to providing a standard-based solution for more compact BTSs that relies on on-band wireless backhaul.
Table 1: WiMAX BTS options
WiMAX operators have started to explore alternative network architectures, which can be used to augment the initial macro infrastructure, and which are also increasingly used by cellular operators to boost capacity and indoor coverage. These options rely on different types of BTSs (Table 1) that form an underlay network that is used to extend indoor coverage and boost the capacity available to indoor subscribers. They are:
- Microcells or Pico cells in outdoor locations, in close proximity to the buildings they cover. Outdoor microcells and Pico cells are smaller and less expensive than macro, multi-sector BTSs, but they typically have a more limited range and, if they have a single sector, more limited capacity. They are typically used in urban areas with a high concentration of users and traffic. They are deployed in dense networks, where each cell covers a small area, ensuring good coverage and high capacity. They can be located on lampposts, rooftops, or on building walls. Microcells and Pico cells may use wire line or wireless backhaul. Mesh topologies may be adopted where wireless backhaul is fully integrated into the BTS.
- Pico cells in public indoor locations or within enterprise buildings, to provide high density capacity and extensive in-building coverage. Indoor solutions are often the only way to provide deep in-building coverage. They are smaller than microcells and outdoor Pico cells, and their cost and ease of installation is even lower, as they can be mounted on walls or ceilings. Picocells can use wireless or wireline backhaul, depending on the reliability and cost of the connectivity options available. Inexpensive wireline broadband links, where available, often prove to be the most cost-effective solutions. In buildings where wireline connectivity is not available to the operator or are overly expensive, wireless backhaul can be used instead.
- Extension in residential and small business coverage with femtocells. Self-installable, low-cost femtocells can be used to improve coverage in homes or small offices. They rely on the existing DSL or cable modem broadband connection for backhaul. The operator is usually not directly involved with the installation of femtocells. Subscribers typically purchase them in a store and install them at home or in the office.
5. INDOOR COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR WIMAX
Generally, the wireless broadband industry focuses on the backend system (Radio Access Network or Core Network) to optimize network, particularly in improving indoor coverage. As far as WiMAX is concerned, WiMAX Modems are often treated as a connectivity access device for end users, whose role is merely to transmit and receive. It is time the device receives more credit and is trusted with a more important role – improving indoor coverage.
There are 4 methods which can be employed by WiMAX Modems to play a part in improving indoor coverage:
1) Improving uplink reception (through next generation antenna technologies)
2) Use of appropriate antenna type
3) Optimal modem placement
4) Boosting indoor coverage with WiFi
Figure 4: WiMAX role in improving indoor coverage
5.1 IMPROVING UPLINK RECEPTION
There are many technologies introduced by base stations such as 4T4R MIMO A, radio unit on top of tower to reduce feeder loss and higher transmission power. Unfortunately, these technologies do very little to boost uplink reception which is often the bottleneck that limits indoor coverage. Uplink connection is usually weaker than downlink, as uplink connection is enabled by an indoor modem transmitter which has lower power (200mW) compared to that of a base station transmitter (10W). Hence, the coverage of uplink connection is always limited.
Figure 5 illustrates the downlink and uplink connection coverage using various antenna technologies. The loss of uplink connection (Point A) comes at a distance much earlier than loss of downlink connection (Points B, C & D) and at this point, indoor modems can no longer connect to the base station. Even though MIMO A and Beam forming can extend downlink reception (Points B, C & D), these technologies do not contribute in boosting uplink reception.
Figure 5: Uplink and downlink connection coverage of different antenna technologies
There are several technologies that can improve uplink performance. One of the popular method is Switched Tx Diversity which requires an extra antenna and includes an algorithm to determine transmission based on the path of the better antenna. This method allows the modem to transmit radio signals from the best antenna to improve overall transmission signal strength, with the slight tradeoff of an extra switch and minimal loss of power.
An improved method available is Dual Transmitter using Cyclic Delay Diversity (2Tx CDD) which requires two power amplifiers (PA) and two antennas. This method can further improve the overall transmission signal strength. Aside from 2Tx CDD, an alternate method with added performance is 2Tx Spatial Time Coding (STC). However WiMAX R1.5 base stations must be able to support STC for users to enjoy better uplink performance.
Figure 6 explains how uplink performance can be extended via Switched Tx Diversity (Point E), Dual Transmitter using Cyclic Delay Diversity (Point F) and 2Tx Spatial Time Coding (Point G). It is important to note that only one of these technologies can be used at any one time.
Figure 6: Uplink performance can be extended via next generation antenna technologies
5.2 USE OF APPROPRIATE ANTENNA TYPE
Antenna design is often regarded as a black art. There are many factors that can affect antenna performance. For example, factors such as material, length, type and antenna design contribute to the actual antenna gain.
The common type of antennas used is patch antennas and omni antennas. Patch antennas are made up of one or several conductive plates that are spaced above and parallel to a ground plane. This design enables patch antennas to have radiation patterns that are very directional. On the other hand, omni antennas are made from a piece of conductive material generally orthogonal to the ground plane. This design enables omni antennas to radiate signals perpendicular to the antenna uniformly.
Figure 7 below illustrates the 3D radiation pattern for patch and omni antennas. The color red specifies the most sensitive location or area with the highest gain relative to the antenna. From the diagram, it is obvious that patch antenna has strong directionality, hence, the modem has to be placed correctly to ensure that the modem surface that emits radiation patterns face the base station for optimum performance.
Figure 7: Patch and omni antenna radiation pattern
However, omni antenna radiates signals uniformly in one plane and does not need to face the base station in a pre-conceived manner. Hence, it is ideal for indoor usage where the exact location of the nearest base station is difficult to determine.
5.3 OPTIMAL MODEM PLACEMENT
It is important to note that WiMAX signals are emitted through radio waves and careful indoor placement can significantly boost indoor coverage.
WiMAX Operators should educate users on where and how to place their indoor modem. Firstly, by simply placing the indoor modem near the window that faces the nearest base station as shown in Figure 8 can improve the antenna performance dramatically. This is because radio wave penetration loss for glass (6dB) is much lower than the penetration loss for concrete walls (13dB or more).
Figure 8: A WiMAX indoor modem facing base station
Secondly, placing the modem near the window as opposed to a distance away from the window yields better throughput as a result of improved indoor coverage. From observation and trial runs conducted.
5.4 BOOSTING INDOOR COVERAGE WITH WIFI
Some users might express that is it not always convenient to restrict computer usage to an area that is next to the window. Additionally, they might want the convenience and flexibility of sharing the wireless broadband connection through WiFi.
Therefore, using WiFi to complement WiMAX can provide advantages that improve indoor coverage. One of the ways of going about this is to use a WiMAX-WiFi combination modem also known as WiMAX Integrated Access Device (IAD) which enables WiMAX-In-WiFi-Out. WiFi and WiMAX transmitters are placed within the same modem so that the transmitters are able to connect to the respective WiFi-enabled devices and WiMAX base stations simultaneously.
For example, as illustrated in Figure 9 below, users can place the WiMAX indoor modem at an optimal location (generally next to a window) and enjoy WiMAX through the flexibility of multiple WiFi-enabled devices within the perimeters of the home or small office.
Figure 9: Place the WiMAX for better indoor coverage
However, having both WiMAX and WiFi in the same device comes with a price. In many countries, especially in Asia and US, WiMAX is offered on the 2.3GHz and 2.5GHz frequency band which almost coincides with the frequency band of WiFi which is 2.4GHz. When WiMAX and WiFi share approximate radio frequencies, interference can occur and jeopardize connectivity. To overcome the issue of interference, a carefully designed modem is required to allow both wireless technologies to co-exist in the same device.
The advantage of having the WiFi-WiMAX combination modem is that antennas can be optimally designed to isolate radio interferences in a highly controlled manner. In addition, since antennas are stationary within the modem, there is better control over the WiFi and WiMAX radio signals to ensure users gain the best WiFi and WiMAX connectivity in the same location.
6. LTE MODEL FOR INDOOR COVERAGE
The challenges presented by 3G/Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to the even more demanding requirements of LTE. The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) developed the specification for LTE as an evolution of UMTS. It is set to provide a number of advantages including increased capacity and reduced latency, improved spectrum efficiency and cell edge performance as well as offering both GSM/HSPA and CDMA/EVDO service providers a migration path to a 4G platform that addresses interoperability issues.
However, the benefits of the LTE evolution will only be felt if service providers are able to effectively reach their customers. In ABI Research’s 2009 report, it forecast that by 2013 more than 67% of all handsets shipped will be 3G+ capable. The volume of mobile traffic originating from inside buildings is already in excess of 60% for voice calls and is set to grow above 90% for data sessions. Taking the technical issues and user patterns together, it can be seen that the majority of the mobile data revenue opportunity is to be found in buildings. It is therefore essential to have ubiquitous in-building wireless coverage and is an issue that has to be addressed for both the service provider and subscriber alike.
Poor indoor wireless coverage is now recognized globally as one of the biggest obstacles facing mobile subscribers today. This is particularly acute with data services and with LTE licenses being issued in frequencies as high as 2.6GHz with a promise of 100Mbps download and 50Mbps upload speeds per cell. There are many issues to be considered for effective in-building wireless coverage with some of the key questions to be asked by those looking to deploy a solution for LTE.
6.1 DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS
Traditionally, cellular networks have been designed using an ‘outside in’ approach, where the service provider uses the macro and micro networks to penetrate buildings. With most sessions originating in-building coupled with modern, eco-friendly and energy efficient building techniques and materials, penetration of buildings from the macro network is no longer viable. Therefore service providers, building owners and enterprises must deploy systems to provide effective wireless coverage from within the building. This is the only way to maintain good signal strength and meet the level of service and data rates demanded by today’s mobile broadband subscribers, while ensuring efficient use of network infrastructure for the service provider.
LTE comes with the option of antenna diversity provided by Multiple-In-Multiple-Out (MIMO) technology. MIMO was developed for outdoor deployments and there is a lot of debate as to the need for MIMO deployments in a building. There is also uncertainty as to whether it is cost effective. However, there may be specific projects where MIMO could be a benefit, so it is important that any coverage solution deployed should have this flexibility available. Careful planning of antenna locations and link budgets of the coverage solution will ensure the cell edge performance needed by the handset user delivers the appropriate bandwidth.
6.2 FREQUENCY AND DUPLEXING
The LTE standard allows for both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) variants with licences being considered across a wide range of frequencies including 700MHz, 800MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz, 2100MHz and 2600MHz. The ABI 2009 report on in-building wireless has found that LTE deployments in China will almost certainly be TDD. This provides a challenge when selecting an appropriate in-building wireless coverage technology that has the flexibility to support all of these options and variants. In multi-operator deployments, it is possible that multiple frequencies and both duplexing schemes are required on the same system. In addition, such a multi-operator deployment may also need to support existing 2G and 3G services at the same time.
There are three main options available to improve in-building wireless coverage including distributed repeaters, distributed radio solutions and Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS). DAS is typically favored in moderate to large infrastructures for being able to offer improved and unified indoor wireless coverage for multiple services at lower capital expenditure and running costs.
6.3 DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEM
Distributed antenna system (DAS) comprises a network of antennas, which are placed throughout a building to provide dedicated in-building coverage. Traditionally, there are two types of DAS available, passive and active. Hybrid solutions are also in use where active units are distributed in a building with each feeding a small passive antenna network.
Passive DAS consists of a network of coaxial cables, couplers and power splitters to distribute wireless signals throughout buildings. ABI Research identifies in its 2009 report that passive DAS systems are known for suffering higher losses at higher frequencies
and are therefore not easily suitable for LTE. It also recognizes that buildings above 20,000m2 will need an active DAS deployment.
Active DAS takes service feeds from a base station or repeater and distributes amplified wireless signals inside buildings over fibre optic and RF cable, which connect to multiple remote antenna units placed in various areas of the building. In the past there has been a question with active DAS solutions relating to their ability to support TDD and multiple frequencies simultaneously on a single hardware infrastructure. With the need for additional hardware overlays in order to add in services at a later date, there are hidden cost implications for upgrading many active DAS solutions.
More recently, another cost effective DAS option has been introduced which has taken a truly wideband, active approach. This alternative DAS simultaneously supports any number or combination of wireless services, protocols, duplex schemes or frequencies on one system without the need for service specific overlays. The system has the ability to support any service type, which also provides peace of mind by future-proofing new investments in in-building wireless infrastructure, allowing new services to be added without extra components or costly upgrades.
7. SUMMARY
Increasingly WiMAX operators have started to look for solutions that address their stringent coverage and capacity requirements with scalable, flexible and cost-effective network architecture. The strategy that operators choose to enhance coverage and capacity will have a substantial impact on their network plans from the very beginning. As the initial network plan may facilitate or hinder future infrastructure expansion, it is crucial to start addressing the issues of indoor coverage and high capacity density during the early stages of network planning.
There is no single solution. Operators need to take a hard look at their market, and understand what the market requirements and specific challenges of their physical environment are. Most likely, each operator will find that a different solution is the best to get the coverage and capacity it will need in a cost-effective way. There is no established path yet and a limited selection of products. But high capacity and enhanced coverage are issues whose importance is rapidly escalating, as demand for WiMAX services grows and mobile devices make their appearance in the market.
8. REFERENCES
[1]. L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, and C.-Y. Chang, “Position-Aware Active Learning Based on
Connectionless Positioning in Indoor Environment,”Positioning, Navigation and Communication,
Series in Hannoversche Beiträge zur Nachrichtentechnik, pp. 189-194, Shaker Verlag Publishers,
Germany, ISBN: 3-8322-2553-6, Mar. 2004.
[2]. L.-D. Chou, C.-H. Wu, S.-P. Ho, and C.-C. Lee, “Position-Aware Multimedia Mobile Learning
Systems in Museums,”Proceedings of IASTED WBE 2004－ International Conference on Web-based Education, Innsbruck, Austria, Feb. 2004.
[3]. L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, G.-Y. Chang, C.-H. Liao, and K.-F. Jian, “Design and
Implementation of Location-based Multimedia Tour Guide Systems,”Proceedings of TANet 2003
[4]. Taiwan Area Network Conference, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., pp. 957-962, Oct. 2003.
[5]. T. Ojanpera and R. Prasad, “An Overview of Air Interface Multiple Access for IMT-2000/UMTS,” IEEE
[6]. L.-D. Chou, C.-C. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, C.-Y. Chang, “A Tour Guide System for Mobile Learning in
Museum,”Proceedings of IEEE WMTE 2004The Second IEEE International Workshop on
Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, Chungli, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C., Mar. 2004.
[7]. Antenna Patterns and Their Meaning by Cisco Systems
[8]. DS230 Service Manual by Green Packet
[9]. DV230 Service Manual by Green Packet
[10]. A Practical Guide to WiMAX Antennas: MIMO and Beamforming Technical Overview by Motorola Corporation
[11]. Indoor, High-Capacity Coverage with WiMAX: How Are Operators Meeting The Challenge? By Senza Fili Consulting
[12]. Sequans Communications: from WiMAX to 4G by Sequans Communications
[13]. Wireless Communications by Andrea Goldsmith, Cambridge University Press
About the Author
K.RAVI
Assist.Professor
Dept. of Informatics
Alluri Institute of Management Sciences
Hunter Road, Warangal, A.P., India.
e-Mail ID: kolipakaravi@yahoo.co.in
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Dragonfly Radio Control RC Helicopter Hughes 300 9093 $49.99 This is a brand new Dragonfly 24″ Remote Control Helicopter. This helicopter is most suitable for beginning RC hobbist. Get your training and acquire you skill set before flying expensive RC Toys. It comes with all the items necessary to get you started and fly immediatly. It comes with Remote controller (required 8 X AA batteries), AC Battery Charger Re-chargeable Battery Pack and Instructional … |
Radio Controlled Macro Helicopters
Radio Controlled Macro Helicopters
3-Channel Infrared RC Mini Helicopter CH01
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Dragonfly Radio Control RC Helicopter Hughes 300 9093 $49.99 This is a brand new Dragonfly 24″ Remote Control Helicopter. This helicopter is most suitable for beginning RC hobbist. Get your training and acquire you skill set before flying expensive RC Toys. It comes with all the items necessary to get you started and fly immediatly. It comes with Remote controller (required 8 X AA batteries), AC Battery Charger Re-chargeable Battery Pack and Instructional … |
Remote Controlled Micro Cars
Remote Controlled Micro Cars
Saving money by using Smart Car for Transportation
Saving money by using Smart Car for Transportation
The Smart car is perfect for customers who desire a small and stylish city car that is affordable, comfortable and fun to drive. Daimler Chrysler Corporation is behind the revolutionary smart car which is fuel efficient, and eco friendly with low carbon dioxide emission figures. It can be easily parked anywhere due to its small and innovative design. Recently it has become very popular in the UK since customers save money by using the Smart car for transportation due to its practicality and affordability.
The new smart car comes in a variety of models with standard features such as the smart-shift automatic or manual transmission with a central remote locking system, 2-spoke leather steering wheel, radio-ready console, electric windows, and much more. Customers have the option to add air conditioning, power windows and alloy wheels if they wish. Some popular models include the Smart for Two, and the Smart Roadster.
The Smart for Two Pulse Coupe MHD is a fashionable two-door micro car that was designed for easy driving and easy parking. It comes with optional front fog lamps and panoramic roof. The standard equipment includes ABS with brake assist and twin front airbags. The newer models offer improved fuel consumption with just 57.6mpg in town and 65.7mpg on the combined cycle with co2 emissions of just 103g/km. The system is designed to automatically disable the engine at traffic lights or in urban queues via its start/stop function. Customers have the choice to select turbocharged three-cylinder engines. The safety features include an electronic stability system, anti-lock brakes, crash sensor, and acceleration skid control. The Smart for Two cars are of 450 and 451 version. The 450 version is of cars produced between 1998 till 2007 while the 451 version is for Smart Cars produced after 2008.
The UK prize is giving away a free Smart car. we aren’t giving one to all contestants. You can win a fully air conditioned free Smart 451 Pulse coupe MHD (71bhp – 999cc) with black Tridion passenger cell, black body panels and Mp3 Input. The UK prize draw is free and open for all UK residents without making any necessary purchase. The new Smart car is a joy to drive so participate in the Smart car prize draw to win a Smart car for free.
About the Author
ECORACERS solar/wind/hydrogen RC toy micro cars (NEW)
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Vacmaster VWM510 Wall Mount Wet/Dry Vacuum Powered by Industrial 2-Stage Motor with Remote Control, 5 Gallon, 5 Peak HP $108.66 A product of meticulous research and testing, the Vacmaster VWM510 Wall-Mount Vac sets a new standard for wet/dry vacs. It easily detaches from the wall for fast, efficient cleanup jobs in your garage and around your house. Complete with a five-gallon tank and a handy remote control right on the handle, the VWM510 makes everyday vacuuming and blowing tasks less of a chore.The Vacmaster VWM510 Deta… |
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Watt’s Up RC Watt Meter & Power Analyzer WU100 Version 2 — SALE! $56.95 # Specifications: # Voltage 0-60 V, resolution 0.01 V. That’s a 14 cell series li-poly pack! # Current 0-100 A peak, 50 A continuous, resolution 0.01 A # Charge 0-65 Ah, resolution 0.001 Ah. That’s ~32 Amps for two hours! # Power 0-6500 W, resolution 0.1 W. That’s ~8.7 Horsepower! # Energy 0-6500 Wh, resolution 0.1 Wh. # Operates from 4.0-60 V, 0 V with optional receiver battery pack # 16 x 2 STN… |
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Tenergy Smart Universal Charger for NiMH / NiCd Battery pack 7.2V – 12V with charging current Selection/Temperature Sensor $17.99 Accessories Included * 1 standard Tamiya Female connector and Fuse house with the smart battery charger. Smart Charger Specification * FOR 6V-12V NI-MH/NI-CD BATTERY PACK 6-10PCS BATTERY Operatio… |
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Spot ”Micro Mouse” Radio Controlled Mouse Cat Toy $17.39 Grab the controls & watch your kitty go crazy for this remote controlled mouse! You literally drive the mouse with the controller and watch your cat chase after it!!!… |
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Mini Romote Control Key-shaped Spy Camera Digital Video Recorder $7.38 This is a Mini Romote Control Key-shaped Spy Camera Digital Video Recorder. Unique design and multi-function. Very easy to use and long time recording available. Specifications:1.Video code: M-JPEG 2.Video resolution: 720 x 480 Pixels 3.Photos format: JPG 4.Recording format: Wav 24khz 5.Image ratio: 4:3 6.Supporting systems: Windows me / 2000 xp / 2003 vista, Mac OS 10.4, Linux 7.Charging voltage:… |
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Remote Control 4WD Tri-Band Off-road Rock Crawler RTR Monster Truck $41.99 From the Manufacturer Take your radio control experience off-road with the all new Rock Crawler from Maisto. This off-road radio control truck boasts articulated suspensions, two motors and low gearing to make for awesome rugged off-road action. Rock Crawler is 12.5” long and sports both front and rear suspension. Tri-channel transmitter allows for three people to play simultaneously with their o… |
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Hot Wheels RC Nitro Speeders Chevy Camaro Car $21.99 Hot Wheels RC Stealth Rides Nitro Speeders Collection: A super fast, highly responsive portable micro RC car that deliver amazing performance. Nitro’s come in their own carrying case, which not only serves as the remote control, but acts as a charger to keep the cars at peak performance. The Nitro’s small size makes them portable so they go anywhere and are ready to race any time, any place…. |
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Hot Wheels RC Nitro Speeders Mustang Car $27.99 Hot Wheels RC Stealth Rides Nitro Speeders Collection: A super fast, highly responsive portable micro RC car that deliver amazing performance. Nitro’s come in their own carrying case, which not only serves as the remote control, but acts as a charger to keep the cars at peak performance. The Nitro’s small size makes them portable so they go anywhere and are ready to race any time, any place…. |
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Hot Wheels RC Nitro Speeders Ken Block Ford Fiesta Rally Car $27.99 Be ready to race anytime, anywhere with the RC Nitro Speeders from Hot Wheels. This fully functioning RC vehicle delivers fantastic, agile performance while being small enough to fit into your pocket. At a scale speed of 0 to 600 miles per hour in less than one second, the Nitro Speeders will make you a strong competitor wherever you go! RC Nitro SpeedersKen Block Ford FiestaRally Car Ages: E… |
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Sony MEXBT3900U In-Dash CD Receiver MP3/WMA/AAC Player with Bluetooth $179.95 The Sony MEX-BT3900U CD receiver with integrated Bluetooth technology gives you all-in-one hands-free calling, streaming audio capabilities and USB 1-Wire connectivity. Connect, control and charge your iPod, iPhone, Walkman(R) player or other compatible USB devices. This receiver also supports MP3, WMA and AAC playback and lets you add satellite radio or HD Radio to your system. Features Sa… |
Radio Small Helicopters Mini Rc Helicopter
Radio Small Helicopters Mini Rc Helicopter
The Rock Mini RC Tanks
Mini RC Tank are great fun for everyone and mini RC tanks have advanced a lot over the last few years. Mini radio controlled tanks come in small mini desktop size to over 2 feet long. Also most hobby grade tanks have movable turrets or can do a 360 degree turn, up and down movements. Have BB firing plastic ammo, headlights, engine and machine gun sound effects. Most have smoke effects from exhaust or turret to make these awesome tank models realistic, Mini RC tanks move by radio control and go forwards, backwards and can climb steep terrains and slopes. Mini RC tanks are made of plastic with metal parts throughout and are reasonable tough, most PRO version tanks have upgraded metal tracks with rubber treads attached to them and give a great pull and look so real. Every detail on these mini RC tanks make them so cool like, a commander figure in tank hatch and lights, sounds markings, guns and even a metal gearbox is now very common. Mini RC tanks can do battle together or with other tanks, if you have pre select channels you select a different channel to other tank and you’re ready to roll. These normally run on 27mhz to 40mhz and most have pre select channels on the radio controller. Heng long is a great radio controlled tank manufacture and make a large range of model tanks from a beginner to pro level and have features like a built in smoke generator or metal gearbox’s and metal tracks +much more make these more reliable and tougher. The realism of these pro versions is unlimited with quality specifications and all the war tanks like the German panzer tank or bulldog tank, panther tiger tanks are available with all the fine details to make model RC Tank real-like. A good to remember when buying a mini RC tank is to make sure parts or accessories are available, so getting smoke pellets or BBs will not be a problem. You can also paint your mini RC tank to suit or personalize your own design and heng long make quality pro RC tanks with all these great features. Either way you’re going to have totally awesome fun with a radio controlled tank and some guys build there own battle ground and add some army figures and create a battle zone. If you are looking for quality mini RC Tanks then check out Online Marketplace as they sell a range of mini radio controlled tanks from beginner to pro models and have the lowest prices. Also we have nitro mini RC cars and nitro buggies + radio controlled jets and radio controlled helicopters from brand name manufacturers and low prices. Source by http://blog.topons.com/index.php/2010/08/the-rock-mini-rc-tanks/
About the Author
www.topons.com
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Yellow $19.99 The brand new GYRO S107 3.5CH Mini RTF RC Helicopter comes with the greatest advancement in Helicopter Technology, a Gyro. No more crashing, no more replacing parts, the GYRO has changed the Helicopter industry completely, making this RC Helicopter super easy to fly and maneuver. Great for people of all skill levels, this bad boy features a coaxial rotor a single rear rotor for precise movement an… |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Blue $21.59 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Red $18.99 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
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S107G 3 Channel Mini Indoor Co-Axial Metal RC Helicopter w/ Built in Gyroscope (Red & Yellow) Set of 2 $39.40 Feature: Miniature size & light weight. Super wide infrared control miniature design for indoor flying 19cm long and weighing an incredible 34 grams |
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Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter $45.71 The Swann Micro Lightning helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you away! With it’s lightweight construction, the of the Swann Micro Lightning chopper will withstand impacts and crashes which makes it ideal for indoors. The Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you … |
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SC-NVA5 Wired Color CCTV Security Camera with AC Adapter $16.94 Micropac Technologies CCTV Security Spy Camera SC-NVA5 Surveillance & Network Cameras… |
Radio Controlled Mini Helicopters
Radio Controlled Mini Helicopters
question about remote control helicopters?
there is a remote control helicopter that i am looking at buy. i can find most of the specifics on it except how far it can fly form the controller. the specific name is theRC Infrared Radio Control Mini Helicopter. i figure alot of ppl have it because it was a big christmas seller at mall kee-osks (not sure if i spelled it right but it is one of those thingies in the center of the mall hall way where ppl somtimes chase you hand lotions and hair straitners trying to sell them to use and use it on you showing that it works.
ppl have told me i am confusing when i type so incase you didn’t get the question here it is:
What the flying range was of that RC helicopter?
thanx
10 or 11 ft? good qustion. i looked on the site for it and i couldn’t even find that specific product.
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Badia Food Colors, 1.2-Ounce (Pack of 6) $13.74 Only the best coloring agents are used in Badias food coloring. Just a few drops of any of our five colors or a mild mixture of two will bring a whole rainbow of imagination to cake frostings, desserts and dips…. |
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Mini Micro Palm Sized 3 Channel Ready to Fly Indoor UH-60 Black Hawk $21.95 … |
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Modelling and Control of Mini-Flying Machines (Advances in Industrial Control) $112.08 Modelling and Control of Mini-Flying Machines is an exposition of models developed to assist in the motion control of various types of mini-aircraft: ⢠Planar Vertical Take-off and Landing aircraft; ⢠helicopters; ⢠quadrotor mini-rotorcraft; ⢠other fixed-wing aircraft; ⢠blimps. For each of these it propounds: ⢠detailed models derived from Euler-L… |
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S107G 3 Channel Mini Indoor Co-Axial Metal RC Helicopter w/ Built in Gyroscope (Red & Yellow) Set of 2 $39.40 Feature: Miniature size & light weight. Super wide infrared control miniature design for indoor flying 19cm long and weighing an incredible 34 grams |
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Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter $45.71 The Swann Micro Lightning helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you away! With it’s lightweight construction, the of the Swann Micro Lightning chopper will withstand impacts and crashes which makes it ideal for indoors. The Swann SW391-SML Micro Lightning Helicopter is super easy to fl y and the death-defying turns, dives and stunts will blow you … |
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Alloy Sky King Remote Control 3 Channel Pro Helicopter with Gyroscope $118.99 The New Version of helicopter. The inner gyro with function of dual rate and head lock, which designed for helicopters specially. Gyro version adopts AVCS ( Angular Vector Control System ), which makes the function of head lock more outstanding and steady. AVCS system: Since rudder trim changes caused by wind and other meteorological changes, and varieties of helicopter attitude changes are automa… |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Yellow $19.99 The brand new GYRO S107 3.5CH Mini RTF RC Helicopter comes with the greatest advancement in Helicopter Technology, a Gyro. No more crashing, no more replacing parts, the GYRO has changed the Helicopter industry completely, making this RC Helicopter super easy to fly and maneuver. Great for people of all skill levels, this bad boy features a coaxial rotor a single rear rotor for precise movement an… |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Blue $21.59 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
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Syma S107/S107G R/C Helicopter – Red $18.99 Syma S107G is equipped with a 4-in-1 infra-red receiver (Gyro, ESC, Mixer, Receiver). This palm size S107 Toy Helicopter (18.5cm long) comes with Aluminum Frame and a Great detail canopy, it doesn’t look like a toy, but a very serious Helicopter. It is able to move in 3 Direction base on the 3 Channels, anyone can hover it easily. Since it is made with Aluminum Frame, very light weight and almost … |
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Microgear Rc Micro Bullet Helicopter Ecoman (Colors Vary) $21.99 Super Wide Infrared Transmission TechnologyProduct InformationThe Ecoman MicroGear Bullet RC Helicopter has an infrared controller and integrated charger. It uses a built-in Li-Poly battery for long flying time and features a unique rotor-blade system for steady lifting up of the helicopter. The miniature design is ideal for indoor flying. Fun for kids and adults!Product FeaturesFeatures:Col… |
